Isopropyl Cawv Ua Li Cas Ua Lag Luam?
Isopropyl cawv (IPA, isopropanol, 2-propanol, CAS 67-63-0) yog tsim los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb: hydration ntawm propene thiab hydrogenation ntawm acetone.
1. Hydration ntawm Propene
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem indirect (sulfuric acid), propene los ntawm roj av refining los yog chav cracking reacts nrog concentrated sulfuric acid los tsim isopropyl hydrogen sulfate, uas yog ces hydrolyzed rau isopropanol thaum cov kua qaub rov qab thiab siv dua. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem hydration ncaj qha, propene thiab dej vapor reacts tshaj cov khoom phosphoric acid lossis tungsten oxide catalyst ntawm qhov kub siab (kwv yees li 200 C) thiab siab siab, muab kev xaiv ntau dua nrog tsawg dua corrosion thiab pov tseg - teeb meem acid. Direct hydration yog txoj kev lag luam tseem ceeb niaj hnub no.
2. Hydrogenation ntawm Acetone
Acetone yog catalytically hydrogenated tshaj nickel lossis tooj liab catalyst ntawm nruab nrab kub thiab siab los tsim isopropanol. Txoj kev no yog qhov txaus nyiam qhov twg acetone muaj nyob hauv cov khoom los ntawm -, piv txwv li los ntawm cov txheej txheem cumene rau phenol, lossis los ntawm cov thee - tshuaj acetone ntau lawm.
Crude IPA yog purified los ntawm distillation. Vim tias isopropanol thiab dej tsim ib qho azeotrope, cov kauj ruam sib cais ntxiv (azeotropic lossis extractive distillation) yog siv kom ncav cuag qib siab -purity anhydrous qib.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb
| Khoom | Tus nqi |
|---|---|
| CAS nr | 67-63-0 |
| Cov mis mos molecular | C3H8O / (CH3)2CHOH |
| Molecular hnyav | 60.10 g / mol |
| Qhov tshwm sim | Ntshiab, xim tsis muaj kua |
| Boiling point | 82.5 C |
| Melting point | -89.5 C |
| Flash point | 11.7 C (kaw khob) |
| Qhov ceev (20 C) | 0.786 g / cm3 |
| UN tus lej | 1219, II, III |
Cov Qib Siab thiab Cov Ntawv Thov
Industrial hnyav: dissolves roj, pos hniav, shellac thiab resins rau inks, coatings thiab tu cov khoom.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob: 60-90% aqueous daws tau dav siv rau cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab tshuaj tua kab mob saum npoo.
Electronics: siab -purity IPA cleans printed circuit boards, wafers thiab optical components.
Pharmaceuticals thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce: extraction hnyav, excipient cab kuj thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom tu tus kheej.
Automotive: roj system de-icer thiab antifreeze additive.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab tuav
IPA yog cov kua hluav taws kub heev (GHS Flam. Liq. 2, H225) nrog lub teeb nyem tsawg; vapors tuaj yeem tsim tawg sib xyaw nrog huab cua. Khaws cov thawv kaw thiab hauv av, thiab khaws cia kom deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab muaj zog oxidizers. Siv qhov cua kom txaus, thiab hnav looj tsom iav dub thiab tshuaj lom neeg- hnab looj tes tiv taus. IPA muaj qhov mob toxicity tsawg, tab sis qhov nqus pa ntawm cov pa ntau tuaj yeem ua rau qaug zog thiab khaus ntawm qhov muag thiab ua pa.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Isopropyl cawv ua li cas?
Feem ntau yog los ntawm hydration ntawm propene (indirect sulfuric acid txheej txheem los yog ncaj qha catalytic hydration) thiab los ntawm catalytic hydrogenation ntawm acetone.
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem indirect thiab ncaj qha hydration?
Cov txheej txheem indirect reacts propene nrog concentrated sulfuric acid los tsim isopropyl hydrogen sulfate, uas yog ces hydrolyzed rau isopropanol nrog cov kua qaub rov qab thiab siv dua; Cov txheej txheem ncaj qha reacts propene nrog dej vapor tshaj cov khoom phosphoric acid lossis tungsten oxide catalyst ntawm li 200 C thiab siab siab, muab ntau dua xaiv nrog tsawg corrosion thiab khib nyiab acid. Direct hydration yog txoj kev lag luam tseem ceeb niaj hnub no.
Q: Yog vim li cas anhydrous IPA yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb distillation?
Isopropanol thiab dej tsim ib qho tsawg kawg nkaus -boiling azeotrope ntawm li 87.7% isopropanol los ntawm qhov hnyav, yog li cov distillation zoo tib yam tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dej ntxiv; azeotropic los yog extractive distillation nrog ib tug entrainer yog siv los tsim cov qib siab -purity anhydrous qib.
Q: Dab tsi yog hluav taws xob - qib IPA siv rau?
High-purity hluav taws xob- qib IPA (feem ntau 99.9% lossis siab dua nrog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj ions, cov khoom siv thiab cov dej noo) yog siv los ntxuav cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court boards, wafers thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, evaporating sai yam tsis muaj qhov seem seem.
Q: Puas yog isopropyl cawv miscible nrog dej?
Yog lawm, IPA yog miscible tag nrho nrog dej nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov proportions, uas yog vim li cas 60-90% aqueous tov yog feem ntau npaj rau cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, tshuaj tua kab mob saum npoo thiab tu.
Q: Yuav ua li cas isopropyl cawv cais rau kev thauj mus los?
IPA raug xa tawm raws li UN 1219, Chav Kawm 3 flammable kua, packing pab pawg II; Cov thawv ntim khoom yuav tsum raug kaw thiab hauv av thiab khaws cia kom deb ntawm qhov chaw hluav taws kub thiab muaj zog oxidizers.