Nug ib tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas seb puas yog N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, CAS 68-12-2) yog cov kuab tshuaj muaj zog thiab cov lus teb feem ntau yog yog - nrog rau kev tsim nyog. DMF dissolves ib tug txawv txawv ntau yam ntawm cov organic tebchaw thiab ntau inorganic ntsev, uas yog vim li cas nws tshwm nyob rau hauv lub polymer, tshuaj thiab agrochemical manufacturing. Tab sis "muaj zog" tsis zoo ib yam li "universal," thiab nws lub hwj chim los ntawm kev tuav lub luag haujlwm.
Dab tsi ua rau Solvent Strong?
Ib qho hnyav lub zog nyob ntawm nws qhov polarity, dielectric tas li thiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog cov kuab tshuaj. DMF muaj lub sijhawm siab dipole thiab lub siab dielectric tas li, uas cia nws ruaj khov thiab cov kab mob polar thiab daws cov organic molecules thiab ntsev. Vim hais tias nws yog ib tug polar aprotic hnyav, nws tsis pub hydrogen bonds, yog li nws dissolves substrates uas protic kuab tshuaj tsis tau zoo - thaum tawm hauv reactive nucleophiles kuj unencumbered, uas yog raws nraim li cas ntau yam xav tau.
DMF Properties ntawm ib saib
| Khoom | Tus nqi |
| Tshuaj npe | N,N{0}}Dimethylformamide |
| CAS nr | 68-12-2 |
| Cov mis mos molecular | C3H7 Nr |
| Molecular hnyav | 73,09 g / mol |
| Qhov tshwm sim | Ntshiab, xim tsis muaj kua |
| Boiling point | 153 degree |
| Flash point | Txog 58℃(kaw khob) |
| Qhov ntom | 0.949 g / cm3 ntawm 20 degree |
| Solubility | Miscible nrog dej thiab feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic |
Qhov twg DMF's Strong Solvency Pays Off
Polymer txheej txheem:DMF dissolves polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyimide thiab polyamide polymers rau fiber ntau spinning, membrane casting thiab txheej.
Pharmaceutical thiab agrochemical synthesis:Nws yog tus qauv tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab rau API intermediates, coupling tshua thiab hloov nucleophilic.
Organic synthesis:DMF accelerates SN2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, stabilizes reactive intermediates thiab dissolves ob reactants thiab ntau catalysts nyob rau hauv ib homogeneous theem.
Extraction thiab purification:Nws qhov hnyav hnyav pab rov qab thiab ua kom huv cov khoom los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw ua ke.
Muaj zog thiab kev txwv
DMF yog qhov ruaj khov heev nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, tab sis nws tsis yog inert rau txhua yam. Nws hydrolyzes maj mam nyob rau hauv muaj zog acids los yog hauv paus, tuaj yeem decompose ntawm qhov kub siab heev tso tawm dimethylamine, thiab tuaj yeem hnov mob txaus ntshai nrog cov muaj zog oxidizing lossis txo cov neeg ua haujlwm - sodium hydride hauv DMF, piv txwv li, yog qhov paub txog kev phom sij thermal. Nws kuj yog ib qho nyuaj rau tshem tawm tag nrho vim nws qhov kub siab heev, yog li kev ntxuav hauv qab dej los yog distillation cov kauj ruam yuav tsum tau npaj. Hauv ntej, DMF muaj zog, tab sis nws xav tau kev hwm rau nws cov chemistry thiab nws cov kev phom sij.
Kev nyab xeeb, kev faib tawm thiab kev tuav
DMF yog cov kua nplaum nplaum (Class 3) nrog lub teeb nyem ze ntawm 58℃thiab raug thauj raws li UN 2265, Packing Group III. Nws nqa GHS cov lus suav nrog H226 (flammable kua thiab vapor), H312+H332 (teeb meem ntawm kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij los yog nqus tau), H319 (mob qhov muag mob hnyav) thiab, hauv EU, H360D (tej zaum yuav ua rau tus menyuam tsis tau yug los). Kev raug ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau tswj nrog qhov cua, PPE thiab saib xyuas. DMF kuj yog miscible nrog dej, yog li cov nchuav tuaj yeem sib kis tau dav - kev ntim khoom thiab pov tseg kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov lus nug nquag
Puas yog DMF muaj zog dua acetone lossis ethanol?Rau feem ntau cov teeb meem polymer thiab ntsev solubility, yog. DMF lub siab polarity thiab aprotic cim yaj cov ntaub ntawv uas acetone thiab ethanol tsis tuaj yeem, txawm hais tias txhua qhov hnyav muaj nws tus kheej xaiv qhov profile.
Vim li cas DMF siv rau hauv cov tshuaj synthesis?Nws dissolves ntau hom reactants thiab catalysts, accelerates kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib txuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab muab qhov nruab nrab ruaj khov rau cov kauj ruam rhiab, uas txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig thiab rov tsim dua tshiab.
Puas yog DMF sib xyaw nrog dej?Yog lawm, DMF yog tag nrho miscible nrog dej nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov proportions, uas pab ua hauj lwm tab sis kuj txhais tau tias cov thawv yuav tsum nyob twj ywm kaw kom tsis txhob ya raws.
Puas yog DMF txaus ntshai?DMF yog flammable, teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij los yog nqus tau pa, irritates lub qhov muag, thiab yog cais nyob rau hauv lub EU raws li ib tug toxicant xeeb tub. Kev ua pa nruj, PPE thiab kev saib xyuas raug.
DMF zoo li cas tom qab siv?Vim tias nws qhov kub ntawm 153 degrees, DMF feem ntau rov qab los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation, feem ntau nrog cov dej tshem tawm, thiab tuaj yeem rov ua dua thaum lub hom phiaj purity tau ntsib.
DMF puas tuaj yeem siv nrog cov hauv paus muaj zog lossis oxidizers?Nrog ceev faj thiab cov kws tshaj lij tshuaj xyuas. Qee qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke, xws li sodium hydride hauv DMF, paub tias muaj kev phom sij, thiab cov oxidizers muaj zog tuaj yeem hnov mob hnyav. Nco ntsoov soj ntsuam kev sib raug zoo ua ntej scaling.