Taw qhia
CAS Nr .75-09-2 Dichloromethane (DCM), tseem hu ua methylene chloride los yog methylene dichloride (MDC), sawv cev rau ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kuab tshuaj hauv kev tsim tshuaj niaj hnub. Nrog rau cov mis molecular CH₂Cl₂ thiab CAS Number 75-09-2, cov kua tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj kuab lom nrog cov yam ntxwv tsw qab, nws yog siv thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev tshawb fawb tshuaj, kev tsim kho, thiab kev tsim khoom.
Chemical Properties ntawm Dichloromethane DCM
Molecular Structure thiab Polarity yam ntxwv
Dichloromethanemuaj tetrahedral molecular geometry nrog ib lub hauv paus carbon atom bonded rau ob hydrogen atoms thiab ob chlorine atoms. Txawm hais tias dichloromethane muaj tetrahedral molecular geometry, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine thiab hydrogen atoms tsim ib lub sijhawm dipole, uas ua rau cov polarity nruab nrab.
Electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb:
- Cov pa roj carbon: 2.55
- Chlorine: 3.16
- Hydrogen: 2.20
Cov pa roj carbon-Chlorine bonds tsim lub sijhawm dipole uas tsis tas yuav tshem tawm, ua rau muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov polar molecule. Qhov nruab nrab polarity no yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas ua rau DCM muaj ntau yam hauv kev siv tshuaj. Raws li cov polar aprotic hnyav, nws tuaj yeem yaj ntau yam ntawm ob qho tib si polar thiab nonpolar tebchaw, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau kev ua tshuaj.
Critical Physical Properties of Dichloromethane tshuaj
| Khoom | Tus nqi | Pharmaceutical tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 39.6 degree | Tsawg heev, ua kom evaporation sai yam tsis muaj cua sov ntau |
| Qhov ntom | 1.33 g / mL | Siab dua dej, tsim cov txheej txheem qis dua hauv cov kua - kua extraction |
| Melting Point | -97 degree | Tseem ua kua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kub kub ntau yam |
| Solubility hauv dej | Sparingly soluble | Ua kom muaj kev sib cais theem zoo hauv cov txheej txheem rho tawm |
| Flammability | Tsis yog -flammable nyob rau hauv feem ntau ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob | Txo qhov hluav taws kub piv nrog ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic |
Qhov tshwj xeeb kub kub taw tes (39.6 degree) yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb vim tias nws tso cai rau tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, pab tiv thaiv thermal degradation ntawm tshav kub- rhiab heev cov khoom xyaw tshuaj (APIs).
Kev siv Dichloromethane hauv Pharmaceutical Industry
1. Extraction thiab Purification ntawm Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)
- Dichloromethane (DCM) yog siv dav hauv cov kua - cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kua thaum lub sijhawm tsim tshuaj.
- Kev xaiv muaj peev xwm muab rho tawm: DCM tuaj yeem yaj cov hom phiaj sib txuas thaum tawm hauv ntau qhov tsis xav tau hauv cov theem dej.
- Nws muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau kev rho tawm alkaloids, steroids, thiab lipophilic APIs.
- Nws tuaj yeem siv los cais cov tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm fermentation broths.
- Nws pab ua kom huv ntawm cov nroj tsuag - muab cov tshuaj sib txuas.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem extraction:
High selectivity rau cov khoom siv tshuaj xav tau.
Kev sib cais nrawm nrawm vim nws qhov ceev ceev.
Tsawg dua rau emulsification piv rau lwm cov kuab tshuaj.
Yooj yim rov qab los ntawm yooj yim distillation.
2. Chemical Synthesis thiab Reaction Medium
Raws li cov tshuaj ruaj khov, polar aprotic hnyav, dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2) ua haujlwm zoo li nruab nrab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau:
- Organic synthesis ntawm kws tshuaj intermediates.
- Nucleophilic hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Theem - hloov cov txheej txheem catalysis.
- Tsawg- qhov kub thiab txias tshwm sim xav tau ib puag ncig inert hnyav.
Nws cov txheeb ze tshuaj inertness txhais tau tias nws feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog li pab kom cov khoom purity thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov tsim dua.
3. Chromatography thiab analytical applications
Dichloromethane yog dav siv nyob rau hauv: ib txwm-theem chromatography, npaj chromatography, thiab kem chromatography rau compound purification.
Nyias- txheej chromatography (TLC) thiab cov qauv npaj rau kev ntsuas ntsuas.
Nws qhov kev daws teeb meem dav dav thiab tsis muaj zog ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev npaj thiab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm.
4. Cov ntsiav tshuaj txheej thiab kev tsim
Hauv kev txhim kho cov ntawv siv tshuaj, dichloromethane (DCM) ib txwm siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau txheej polymers (xws li ethyl cellulose thiab hydroxypropyl methylcellulose / HPMC).
Nws cov yam ntxwv evaporation ceev ceev pab tsim cov txheej txheem txheej txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog kev txiav txim siab ib puag ncig thiab kev tswj hwm, ntau cov tshuaj niaj hnub no tau siv ntau dua los siv cov dej tsis zoo los yog qis dua -cov tshuaj lom cov kuab tshuaj.
Vim li cas Pharma -Qib Dichloromethane Tsis yog -Tshaj tawm
Pharmacopeial Standards thiab Certification
Pharmaceutical -qib DCM yog tsim los kom tau raws li cov qauv nruj tsim los ntawm:
- Tebchaws Asmeskas Pharmacopeia (USP)
- European Pharmacopoeia (EP)
- British Pharmacopoeia (BP)
Cov qauv no pab xyuas kom meej tias cov dichloromethane muaj cov ntsiab lus dej tsawg. Lawv kuj xyuas kom meej tswj acidity thiab impurity theem, tswj stabilizer cov ntsiab lus haum rau kev siv tshuaj, zoo ib yam.
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb: Pharma-Qib vs. Industrial-Qib DCM
| Parameter | Pharma-Qib DCM | Industrial-Qib DCM |
| Purity Level | >99.9% | 99.0–99.5% |
| Stabilizers | Tswj thiab khaws cia | Feem ntau tam sim no |
| Cov ntsiab lus dej | Feem ntau<100 ppm | Feem ntau<500 ppm |
| Residue ntawm evaporation | <10 ppm | <100 ppm |
| Txoj Cai Ua Raws Cai | USP / EP / BP ua raws | Tsis muaj cov qauv tshuaj pharmacopeial |
Sib piv qhov zoo dua lwm cov kuab tshuaj
DCM vs. Common Extraction Solvents:
| Solvent | Boiling Point | Polarity | Flammability | Hom Residual Level |
| Dichloromethane | 39.6 degree | Nruab nrab | Tsis yog -flammable | Tsawg heev |
| Ethyl Acetate | 77.1 degree | Nruab nrab | Cov nplaim taws heev | Nruab nrab |
| Hexane | 69 degree | Tsis muaj polar | Cov nplaim taws heev | Nruab nrab |
| Ethanol | 78.4 degree | Polar | Flamable | Siab dua |
| Chloroform | 61.2 degree | Nruab nrab | Tsis yog -flammable | Nruab nrab |
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm dichloromethane siv rau kev rho tawm tshuaj?
A: Dichloromethane qhov nruab nrab polarity tso cai rau nws kom yaj ntau ntau ntawm cov tebchaw, thaum nws qis boiling point (39.6 degree) ua kom cov kuab tshuaj tshem tawm tau zoo yam tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm cov cua sov -sensitive APIs.
Q: Puas muaj kev lag luam -qib dichloromethane siv rau kev tsim tshuaj?
A: Tsis yog. Muaj- qib DCM tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom ruaj khov thiab cov khoom tsis huv uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab kev tswj hwm kev ua raws cai. Cov tuam txhab tshuaj feem ntau xav tau USP-, EP-, lossis BP- cov khoom ua raws.
Q: Yuav ua li cas dichloromethane piv rau chloroform rau kev siv tshuaj?
A: DCM muaj qhov kub kub qis dua (39.6℃piv rau 61.2 degree), tso cai rau evaporation sai dua thiab txo cov thermal raug thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm cov txheej txheem hnyav.
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov residual solvent txwv rau dichloromethane hauv tshuaj?
A: Raws li ICH Q3C (R8), dichloromethane yog cais raws li Class 2 hnyav nrog kev tso cai txhua hnub (PDE) ntawm 6.0 mg / hnub thiab qhov txwv tsis pub muaj 600 ppm.
Q: Puas yog dichloromethane flammable nyob rau hauv cov chaw tsim tshuaj?
A: Dichloromethane feem ntau suav hais tias tsis yog -flammable nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob, muab kev nyab xeeb kom zoo dua li feem ntau siv organic solvents.
Q: Vim li cas dichloromethane muab faib ua Class 2 residual hnyav?
A: Dichloromethane yog cais raws li Class 2 hnyav vim nws muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog toxicity uas yuav tsum tau tswj cov seem seem hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj. Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom ua raws li ICH Q3C txwv.
Q: Puas tuaj yeem dichloromethane rov qab tau thiab rov siv dua hauv kev tsim tshuaj?
A: Yog. Ntau lub chaw tshuaj siv cov kuab tshuaj rov qab los rau distilled thiab rov ua dua dichloromethane. Cov kuab tshuaj rov qab yog feem ntau kuaj ua ntej rov siv dua kom ua raws li cov lus qhia zoo.
Q: Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li cas cov neeg yuav tshuaj yuav tsum thov los ntawm DCM tus neeg muag khoom?
A: Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau thov daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm Kev Ntsuam Xyuas (COA), Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb (SDS), Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Ntaub Ntawv (TDS), cov ntaub ntawv ua raws cov tshuaj pharmacopeial yog qhov tsim nyog, thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv cov ntaub ntawv los txhawb GMP.
Xaus
CAS No.64-19-7 Dichloromethane DCMua ke cov khoom tshwj xeeb-xws li cov polarity nruab nrab, kev daws teeb meem zoo heev, tsis tshua muaj kub kub, tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, thiab tsis yog -flammable- uas ruaj ntseg nws lub luag haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv kev tsim tshuaj. Los ntawm kev rho tawm thiab ua kom huv ntawm cov khoom xyaw tshuaj nquag (APIs) mus rau cov tshuaj synthesis thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, dichloromethane ua rau muaj ntau yam txheej txheem tseem ceeb.
Kev lag luam kws tshuaj kev vam khom rau dichloromethane stems tsis yog los ntawm keeb kwm cwj pwm, tab sis los ntawm kev tshawb fawb siv tau raws li nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, kev tswj hwm kev cai, thiab kev xav txog kev tsim khoom. Muab tias cov kws kho mob tau ntawv pov thawj- cov khoom qib tau txais thiab kev ua haujlwm nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb tsim, dichloromethane yuav nyob twj ywm ib qho tshuaj hnyav hauv kev tsim tshuaj niaj hnub.
Hais txog peb
Gneebioyog ib lub chaw muag tshuaj nrog kev koom tes nrog ntau lub chaw tsim khoom. Lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev muab cov tshuaj tsw qab, cov kuab tshuaj, thiab tshuaj lom neeg nruab nrab, uas muaj kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam hauv qab.
Peb tsom rau kev muab cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov, cov khoom lag luam zoo ib yam, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav, suav nrog COA, SDS, thiab TDS, txhawm rau txhawb nqa kev lag luam thiab kev ua raws cai hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
