Taw qhia
CAS No.75-09-2 Dichloromethane(DCM, methylene chloride) thiabCAS No.: 67-66-3 chloroform(trichloromethane) yog ob qho kev pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj chlorinated methane cov kuab tshuaj siv hauv cov chaw kuaj thiab kev lag luam. Lawv tau ua haujlwm ntev ntev hauv kev tsim tshuaj, tshuaj chemistry, kev tshem tawm cov khoom tsim tawm, tshuaj synthesis, thiab kev tu vaj tse.
Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si yog cov kua dej tsis muaj xim nrog cov yam ntxwv tsw qab, kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho ntxiv chlorine atom hauv chloroform hloov pauv nws lub cev, hnyav tus cwj pwm, toxicity profile, ib puag ncig tus yam ntxwv, thiab kev tswj hwm.
DCM feem ntau yog nyiam rau niaj hnub rho tawm thiab kev lag luam ua haujlwm vim nws cov evaporation ceev thiab qis toxicity, thaum chloroform tseem muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb analytical thiab nyuaj extractions yuav tsum muaj zog daws lub zog.
Qhov tseem ceeb Distinction:
- Dichloromethane (DCM): CH₂Cl₂
- Chloroform: CHCl ₃
Chemical thiab Physical Properties
Dichloromethane DCM (CH₂Cl₂):
DCM muaj tetrahedral molecular geometry nrog lub net dipole lub sijhawm kwv yees li 1.60 D, ua rau nws muaj qhov hnyav hnyav. Nws qhov hnyav molecular uas tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ua rau nws lub siab tsis muaj zog thiab evaporation sai.
DCM yog sib xws nrog iav, PTFE thiab ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem tua lossis o ntawm cov yas xws li polystyrene, acrylic thiab ABS.
- Yam khoom: Zoo siab Dichloromethane / DCM / Methylene Chloride Organic Solvent CAS 75-09-2
- Related article: CAS 75-09-2 DCM Dichloromethane: Formula, Structure, Properties
Chloroform (CHCl₃):
Chloroform muaj peb chlorine atoms txuas rau lub hauv paus carbon atom. Nws lub sijhawm dipole yog kwv yees li 1.04 D, qis dua li ntawm DCM, tab sis nws qhov hnyav dua molecular thiab ntau dua polarizability txhim kho nws lub peev xwm los yaj ntau lipophilic tebchaw.
Kev lag luam chloroform feem ntau ruaj khov nrog me me ntawm ethanol los tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm phosgene thaum lub sij hawm cia thiab raug rau lub teeb thiab oxygen.
Lub cev khoom sib piv:
| Khoom | Dichloromethane (DCM) | Chloroform |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj Formula | CH₂Cl₂ | CHCl yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua lag luam |
| Molecular Luj | 84,93 g / mol | 119.38 g / mol |
| Boiling Point | 39.6 degree | 61.2 degree |
| Melting Point | -96.7 ° C | -63.5 ° C |
| Ceev (20 degree) | 1.33 g / mL | 1.48 g / mL |
| Vapor Siab (20 degree) | ~ 435 mmHg | ~ 197 mmHg |
| Dipole Moment | 1.60 D | 1.04 D |
| Dielectric tsis tu ncua | 8.93 | 4.81 |
Cov khoom no txhais tau tias:
- DCM evaporates sai dua, txo cov sij hawm tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj.
- Chloroform muaj kev poob qis evaporation thaum lub sij hawm ntev extractions.
- Ob leeg cov kuab tshuaj tsim cov txheej txheem qis dua thaum lub sij hawm ua kua - kua rho tawm vim lawv qhov ntom ntom ntau dua dej.
- Chloroform feem ntau qhia tau tias muaj zog hnyav dua rau cov roj, waxes thiab hydrophobic natural products.
Solvent Performance
Qhov zoo ntawm Dichloromethane / methylene chloride
Dichloromethane (DCM) lub nruab nrab polarity, ceev evaporation, thiab txhim khu kev qha theem sib cais zog ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau extracting nruab nrab polar organic tebchaw thiab rau cov kua- kua extraction systems. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim tias DCM hnyav tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm sai sai los ntawm rotary evaporation thiab yog dav siv nrog kev siv tshuaj thiab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kuaj thiab kev siv hauv kev lag luam.
Kev siv methylene chloride suav nrog kev ua kom huv ntawm cov tshuaj nruab nrab thiab cov organic synthesis.
Qhov zoo ntawm Chloroform
Txawm hais tias tsawg dua polar dua DCM, chloroform feem ntau qhia tau tias muaj zog daws kev muaj peev xwm mus rau cov tshuaj lipophilic heev vim nws muaj ntau dua polarizability.
Cov ntawv thov uas muaj xws li:
- Ntuj resin extraction
- Kev cais tawm
- Pigment purification
- Lipid - nplua nuj botanical extracts
Hauv qee qhov kev rho tawm, chloroform tuaj yeem muab cov kev sib cais huv dua li DCM, txawm hais tias kev tsim emulsion nyob ntawm cov qauv muaj pes tsawg leeg es tsis yog cov kuab tshuaj ib leeg.
Vim tias nws cov tshuaj lom ntau dua, chloroform feem ntau tshwj tseg rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua tsis ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo.
Toxicity thiab Safety Information
Dichloromethane Toxicity
DCM cov tshuaj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev nqus pa, nqus ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab noj. Thaum nqus tau, ib feem yog metabolized rau hauv carbon monoxide, uas tuaj yeem txo cov pa oxygen - nqa cov ntshav.
Cov tsos mob tshwm sim muaj xws li:Mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, xeev siab, Central paj hlwb kev nyuaj siab, qaug zog, Carcinogenicity
Kev faib tawm IARC:
Pawg 2A - Tej zaum yuav ua rau mob qog noj ntshav rau tib neeg
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj tau pom tias muaj peev xwm carcinogenic, thaum tib neeg pov thawj tseem txwv.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Ua Haujlwm Limit
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): 25 ppm (8-teev TWA)
Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm DCM yog tias nws feem ntau suav tias tsis yog -flammable nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj.
Chloroform Toxicity
Chloroform feem ntau suav hais tias muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li DCM.
Tej yam tshwm sim muaj xws li:Central paj hlwb kev nyuaj siab, siab toxicity, raum toxicity, Cardiac sensitization, ua pa irritation
Kev kub siab - theem mob hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab thiab lub raum raug mob, thaum raug rov qab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev.
Metabolism:
Chloroform tej zaum yuav metabolized rau hauv reactive intermediates, suav nrog me me ntawm phosgene, uas ua rau nws cov tshuaj lom.
Carcinogenicity:
Kev faib tawm IARC: Pawg 2B - Tejzaum muaj carcinogenic rau tib neeg
OSHA Exposure Limit:50 ppm qab nthab concentration
Laboratory thiab Industrial Applications
1. Kev siv Dichloromethane
Kua -Kua Extraction:
Methylene chloride tseem yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv cov kuab tshuaj extraction nyob rau hauv analytical chemistry vim hais tias nws tau zoo cais ntau yam ntawm cov organic tebchaw los ntawm aqueous systems. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim, tshuaj purification, thiab kev tshem tawm ib puag ncig.
Kev npaj ua qauv:
DCM yog siv dav hauv cov qauv kev npaj ua haujlwm vim tias nws ua tau zoo hauv GC qauv kev npaj, HPLC qauv npaj, thiab kev soj ntsuam kab mob. Nws volatility thiab hnyav zog ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau thaum ceev ceev concentration thiab huv si rov qab yuav tsum tau.
Industrial Manufacturing:
Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, dichloromethane hnyav tau siv dav hauv cov xim thiab txheej tshem tawm, hlau degreasing, ntxuav hluav taws xob, tshuaj ntau lawm, thiab tshuaj synthesis. Nws ceev ceev evaporation thiab muaj zog solvency ua rau nws muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau npaum tu los yog hnyav tshem tawm.
2. Cov ntawv thov chloroform
NMR Spectroscopy:
Deuterated chloroform (CDCl₃) tseem yog cov kuab tshuaj siv ntau tshaj plaws rau cov organic NMR spectroscopy vim nws muaj kev solubility rau ntau cov organic tebchaw, ruaj khov spectral kev ua tau zoo, yooj yim siv cov cim qhia, thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm.
Tshwj xeeb Extraction:
Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev rho tawm vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua kom cov lipids tau zoo- cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj, cov khoom siv botanical siab - thiab lwm yam nyuaj cov organic matrices uas tej zaum yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj zoo dua.
Keeb Kwm Kev Siv Kho Mob:
Chloroform tau ua haujlwm ib zaug los ua tshuaj loog phais, tab sis nws tau raug tso tseg tag nrho hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub no vim tias nws muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb loj thiab tsis tuaj yeem txais kev pheej hmoo toxicological.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Ntawm DCM thiab Chloroform hnyav
Xaiv Dichloromethane hnyav thaum:
- Cov kua dej niaj hnub- yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov kua
- Kev tshem tawm sai sai yog qhov tseem ceeb
- Kev lag luam- nplai kev ua haujlwm muaj feem cuam tshuam
- Tsawg toxicity yog nyiam
- Tus nqi efficiency tseem ceeb
Xaiv Chloroform hnyav thaum:
- CDCl₃ yuav tsum muaj rau NMR spectroscopy
- Cov tshuaj lipophilic siab yuav tsum tau muab rho tawm
- Lwm cov kuab tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem ua kom rov ua tau zoo
- Cov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb xav tau chloroform
Xaus
Dichloromethane thiab chloroform tseem tseem ceeb chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj, tab sis lawv lub luag haujlwm tau nce ntxiv. DCM tau dhau los ua qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws - lub hom phiaj hnyav rau kev rho tawm, ntxuav thiab kev ua lag luam vim nws cov evaporation sai, kev siv dav thiab kev sib piv qis dua. Chloroform khaws cov nqi hauv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb analytical thiab nyuaj extractions qhov twg nws tshwj xeeb solvating zog tseem nyuaj los hloov.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Cov kuab tshuaj twg evaporates sai dua, DCM lossis chloroform?
A: Dichloromethane evaporates sai dua vim tias nws cov ntsiab lus kub tsuas yog 39.6 degree, piv nrog 61.2℃rau chloroform.
Q: Puas yog chloroform muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li dichloromethane?
A: Yog. Chloroform feem ntau suav tias yog tshuaj lom ntau dua vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab tseem ceeb, lub raum thiab lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb toxicity ntawm txaus txaus siab.
Q: Vim li cas CDCl₃ yog tus qauv NMR hnyav?
A: CDCl₃ muab kev sib xyaw ua ke dav dav, cov yam ntxwv ruaj khov spectral thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv NMR luam tawm.
Q: DCM puas tuaj yeem hloov chloroform hauv cov nroj tsuag rho tawm?
A: Rau ntau daim ntawv thov yog, tab sis waxy los yog lipid heev - cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj kuj tseem tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm chloroform lub peev xwm daws tau zoo dua.
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