Tom ntej: Dichloromethane CAS 75-09-2yog ib tug nruab nrab polar molecule. Qhov nruab nrab polarity no yog dab tsi ua rau DCM muaj ntau yam hnyav hnyav nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kev sim thiab kev siv tshuab.
Yog tias koj ua haujlwm hauv chaw muag tshuaj, tshuaj chemistry, lossis kev tsim khoom, kev nkag siab txog polarity ntawm DCM tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Dichloromethane (DCM) yog dab tsi?
Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2), tseem hu ua methylene chloride, methylene dichloride, los yog yooj yim DCM, yog cov kuab tshuaj haloalkane nrog cov mis molecular CH₂Cl₂. Lub molecule muaj ib lub hauv paus carbon atom bonded rau ob hydrogen atoms thiab ob chlorine atoms los ntawm ib tug covalent bonds.
Muab faib ua dihalomethane, DCM yog cov kua tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj kuab lom nrog cov yam ntxwv qab zib, chloroform- zoo li tsw.
Molecular Structure ntawm DCM:
Tetrahedral Geometry
DCM muaj tetrahedral molecular geometry, nrog cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm qhov chaw sib txuas rau:
- Ob lub hydrogen atoms
- Ob chlorine atoms
Txawm li cas los xij, molecular geometry ib leeg tsis txiav txim siab polarity. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog seb cov atoms nyob ib puag ncig zoo ib yam lossis txawv.
Rau kev sib piv:
- CCl₄ (carbon tetrachloride): symmetrical → dipoles tshem tawm → nonpolar
- CH₂Cl₂ (DCM): asymmetric hloov → dipoles tsis tshem tawm → polar
Dichloromethane (DCM) yog polar aprotic hnyav
CAS 75-09-2 Dichloromethane yog cais raws li polar aprotic hnyav. "Aprotic" txhais tau hais tias cov molecule tsis muaj OH lossis NH daim ntawv cog lus, thiab yog li tsis tuaj yeem muab hydrogen bonds. Dichloromethane qhov nruab nrab polarity yog vim li cas rau nws daim ntawv thov dav thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam. Nws tuaj yeem yaj ob qho tib si polar thiab nonpolar compounds.
Nws tuaj yeem yaj cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- Organic polymers thiab resins
- Roj, roj, thiab waxes
- Alkaloids thiab natural khoom
- Ntau cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke
- Adhesives thiab coatings
Methylene chloride yog qhov tseeb vim nws qhov kev sib txawv dav uas dichloromethane feem ntau hu ua "universal hnyav" hauv ntau qhov chaw kuaj thiab chaw ua haujlwm.
CAS 75-09-2 Dichloromethane Siv hauv Kev Lag Luam
Lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm DCM
| Khoom | Tus nqi |
|---|---|
| Cov mis mos molecular | CH₂Cl₂ |
| CAS nr | 75-09-2 |
| Molecular hnyav | 84,93 g / mol |
| Boiling point | ~ 39.6 ° C |
| Melting point | -97 degree |
| Qhov ntom | 1.325 g / mL (25 degree) |
| Vapor ceev | ~2.9 (air=1) |
| Dej solubility | ~20 g/L |
| Dielectric tsis tu ncua | ~9.1 |
| Dipole lub sijhawm | ~1.60 D |
| Flash point | Tsis muaj (tsis yog-flammable nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj) |
Muaj thiab Laboratory Applications ntawm DCM Solvent
1. Kev tsim tshuaj
Dichloromethane DCM hnyav yog siv dav hauv:
- API purification ntawm chromatography
- Recrystallization ntawm active tshuaj cov khoom xyaw
- Reaction workup thiab impurity tshem tawm
- Natural khoom extraction
Nws qhov kub kub qis tso cai rau kev tshem tawm maj mam yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov cua sov-sensitive compounds.
2. Laboratory thiab Analytical Chemistry
Methylene chloride feem ntau yog siv rau:
- TLC thiab kab chromatography
- Kev npaj ua qauv
- Organic synthesis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
- Glassware tu rau cov organic residues
Nco tseg:Hauv NMR daim ntawv thov, deuterated DCM (CD₂Cl₂) yog siv dua li tus qauv DCM.
3. Kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam
- Xim thiab txheej tshem tawm (kev lag luam siv)
- Hlau degreasing thiab tu
- Adhesive thiab resin ua
- Muaj kuab tshuaj formulations
(Qee cov ntawv thov aerosol keeb kwm tau tsis kam vim muaj kev txwv kev cai.)
4. Kev ua zaub mov (Keeb kwm siv)
DCM yav tas los siv rau hauv kas fes decaffeination vim nws muaj peev xwm xaiv extract caffeine thiab nws cov boiling point, uas tso cai rau tshem tawm yooj yim. Niaj hnub no, nws txoj kev siv hauv kev ua zaub mov tau poob qis, nrog rau lwm txoj hauv kev zoo li supercritical CO₂ extraction ua ntau dua.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Puas tuaj yeem dichloromethane yaj hauv dej?
DCM muaj kev txwv dej solubility-kwv yees li 20 g/L ntawm 20℃. Nws tsis yog miscible nrog dej zoo li ethanol lossis acetone, tab sis nws yaj mus rau ib qho me me. Rau cov kua - kua extraction, ib feem solubility no yeej muaj txiaj ntsig vim nws tso cai muab faib ua ke ntawm theem.
Q: Puas yog methylene chloride Liquid flammable?
Methylene chloride feem ntau suav hais tias tsis yog -flammable ntawm chav tsev kub thiab ib txwm ua haujlwm. Nws tsis muaj tus qauv flash point thiab tsis yooj yim ignite. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov kub siab heev (siab dua 100 degree), DCM vapor tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom tawg nrog huab cua, thiab nws qhov kub thiab txias yog 556 degree.
Q: Puas yog DCM chemical txwv?
DCM tsis yog thoob ntiaj teb txwv, tab sis nws txoj kev siv yog nce ntxiv. Txoj cai 2024 EPA TSCA tau txo qis kev txwv ntawm chaw ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov neeg siv khoom siv (xws li cov xim pleev xim rau kev siv hauv tsev) tau raug txwv lossis txwv hauv Asmeskas thiab EU. Kev lag luam thiab kev sim siv txuas ntxiv tab sis xav tau kev tswj hwm nruj dua.
Xaus
Dichloromethane yog ib qho nruab nrab polar, polar aprotic hnyav nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom. Nws qhov nruab nrab polarity, ua ke nrog volatility thiab ntom, ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv tshuaj synthesis, extraction, thiab industrial processing.
Hais txog Gneebio
Tsim los ntawm 2016 thiab ib lub koom haum ntawm GNEE Group,Gneebio yog ib lub tuam txhab Suav tshwj xeeb hauv kev muab khoom thiab xa tawm ntawm siab -purity organic solvents, petrochemicals, thiab tshuaj raw khoom.
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